Environmental Science vs. Ecology
The field of environmental science and the field of ecology are closely related — so much so that many tend to confuse the two or assume they are one and the same. Understanding the distinctions between ecology versus environmental science, as well as the ways that they work together, can help you pursue a career that allows you to have an impact on the world around us (and the animal species that call it home).
Two Sides of the Same Green Coin: Understanding the Difference
Both environmental science and ecology emphasize preserving and protecting the natural environment, though there are definite differences between these two areas of study.
Environmental science is defined as an interdisciplinary scientific field focused primarily on protecting and preserving the natural environment. It combines the sciences of biology, chemistry, physics, geology, and more in order to develop data-based solutions for the environment.
Ecology, on the other hand, is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their physical environments. According to the Ecological Society of America, the goal of most ecological research is to better understand the connections between living things and the environments in which they live.
Not surprisingly, scientists within these two realms often collaborate to share findings and develop impactful solutions designed to improve living conditions for all organisms while simultaneously protecting and preserving the natural environment for future generations.
Defining Environmental Science and Ecology
To better grasp the core differences between environmental versus ecological science, read on to gain a deeper understanding of the scope of each discipline.
What Is Environmental Science?
Environmental science is a broad, interdisciplinary field focused on the human impact on the environment, with most researchers working to develop solutions to today’s complex and challenging environmental problems. While this field incorporates biology, the focus is often more on the chemistry, physics, geology, and the social sciences in addition to oceanography, mineralogy, and zoology.
What Is Ecology?
Ecology is a branch of biology that focuses on the relationships between organisms and the environment. Ecologists study the structure and function of ecosystems, ranging from the microorganisms within a fish tank to the vast ecosystems within the rainforest. These scientists might examine how organisms interact with one another as well as their interactions with their physical surroundings, and their research often aids the development of the best practices for wildlife and habitat conservation.
Scope and Scale: Environmental vs. Ecological
One of the most distinct differences between environmental science versus ecology is the scope and scale of each. Understanding this can help you determine which field of study aligns best with your career goals.
The Scope and Scale of Environmental Science
Known for its broad, multi-scale approach, environmental scientists often examine a wide range of environmental issues at the local, regional, and global levels. Focusing specifically on how humans affect the environment, environmental scientists are charged with conducting research, analyzing data, and developing actionable solutions for critical issues including pollution, climate change, and resource depletion.
The Scope and Scale of Ecology
In comparison, ecology places a heavier emphasis on research, with most ecologists focusing on particular ecosystems or communities of organisms. Ecologists observe and examine the interactions of organisms within the ecosystem as well as study the connections they are making with their natural environments. This might include interactions such as predator-prey relationships or mutualism within the community. Generally speaking, ecology focuses on smaller spatial scales than the environmental science field, which is known for its broad approach.
Approaches and Methods: Two Different Lenses
Because the scope and scale of these fields vary significantly, ecologists and environmental scientists rely on differing approaches and methods for their research.
Common Approaches and Methods Within Environmental Science
Environmental scientists may be responsible for designing laboratory experiments, developing models, or conducting field studies and data analysis. The specific approaches of the position can vary based on the organization for which they work and their specialization within environmental science. In most cases, environmental scientists will be responsible for collaborating with other scientists in related fields, community stakeholders, governmental leaders, and policymakers.
Common Approaches and Methods in the Field of Ecology
Given the fact that ecologists primarily observe ecosystems and understand the connections within them, the approaches and methods in this field of study are much more focused. Ecologists work to develop and implement field studies, as this gives them the ability to observe the ecosystems they are studying. Within these field studies, ecologists may perform laboratory experiments or develop models that help them test their hypotheses or make precise predictions about ecological outcomes.
Applications: Solving Problems vs. Understanding Nature
While ecology aims to advance the understanding of nature and the connections that exist within an ecosystem, the field of environmental science strives to provide actionable solutions to large-scale issues, such as climate change or pollution. Knowing the specific applications of these fields can help you develop a better understanding of the scope and purpose of each realm.
Environmental Science Applications
Environmental science is an action-based science that has evolved into one of the most crucial areas of study of our time. Environmental scientists work to apply newfound knowledge and scientific findings in a way that addresses key environmental problems and helps to inform decision-making at the local, national, and global level. Recent environmental science research has helped create solutions for resource management, conservation, climate change, pollution control, and more. Applications of environmental science often rely on advocacy and public outreach, requiring scientists to collaborate with community stakeholders and policymakers.
Ecology Applications
Although not as solution-based as environmental science, ecology findings help provide fundamental knowledge about natural ecosystem structure and function. Ecologists commonly collaborate with other scientists to increase the understanding of the importance of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and ecological resilience. Many conservationists rely heavily on ecological findings to develop effective management practices for populations of organisms and entire ecosystems.
Partners in Sustainability: Working Together for a Healthier Planet
While environmental scientists may focus their research on humans’ impact on the environment — and ecologists primarily work to develop a better understanding of organisms and how they interact with their environments — both scientific areas of study are closely related and complementary to each other. Ecologists and environmental scientists have a shared goal of protecting the environment, meaning they often collaborate with each other to develop actionable solutions that address the complex environmental challenges of the modern era.
Ecology vs. Environmental Science: Learn How These Disciplines Blend Together at Unity Environmental University
At Unity Environmental University, our students learn the foundations of both ecology and environmental science in courses focused on understanding climate change and ecological literacy. Students can pursue degree programs such as a BS in Wildlife Conservation as well as a master’s in wildlife ecology and management, to learn more about living organisms, species populations and communities, and the human activity influencing the livelihood of animal species around the world.
Request more information about our online degree programs today.
